Expectations shape investment, consumption, pricing — almost every major decision. But expectations aren’t purely rational calculations; they’re influenced by sentiment, narratives, and collective mood. When people believe prices will rise, they act accordingly, and the forecast becomes reality.

This raises a deeper question: is economics fundamentally a mathematical system or a psychological one? Models quantify behavior, but the triggers behind that behavior often come from perception rather than data. The economy may be a mathematical structure powered by human psychology.