Equilibrium theory assumes markets move toward a point where supply meets demand. But the economy is constantly shifting: technology evolves, preferences change, and information arrives unevenly. Equilibrium becomes a moving target rather than a stable destination.

Market participants themselves create the instability. Expectations, speculation, and information gaps generate fluctuations that prevent the system from settling. Equilibrium exists as a theoretical construct, but in a living economy it’s more of a moment than a state.